Poland has assumed the European Union Council presidency from Hungary, marking a dramatic shift from Viktor Orban’s contentious term to what promises to be a more collaborative approach under Prime Minister Donald Tusk.
The leadership transition on January 1 moves the Council’s steering wheel from one of Moscow’s closest EU allies to one of its strongest critics. While Hungary under Orban often stalled EU action on Ukraine, Poland has pledged to prioritise defence and security during its six-month tenure.
As Europe’s highest defence spender relative to GDP at over 4%, Poland aims to boost the continent’s defence industry, strengthen sanctions against Russia, and increase support for Ukraine. The country’s growing influence is backed by significant economic growth, with its economy nearly tripling since joining the EU in 2004.
Prime Minister Tusk, a former EU chief, brings extensive Brussels experience and has already improved Poland’s previously strained relationship with EU leadership. This marks a stark contrast to Hungary’s term, during which Orban pursued controversial initiatives, including direct talks with Russian President Putin.
However, Poland’s ambitious agenda faces several challenges. The EU requirement for unanimity on security and foreign policy decisions means Hungary and Slovakia could block stronger sanctions or increased military aid. Additionally, Poland’s upcoming presidential election in May raises concerns about potential domestic political interference.
While the Council presidency is often likened to “hosting a dinner” among EU members, the role involves significant responsibilities in agenda-setting and negotiation management. Warsaw has declared its intention to strengthen its position as one of the EU’s most important states by addressing key issues including the economy, energy, and food security.
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